[专四]专业四级考试词汇语法详细解答40套三十八=

专业四级考试词汇语法详细解答40套三十八


Test ThirtyEight
近义词辨析
repair, mend, fix, remedy
这组词都有“修理”的意思。
repair
意为“修理，修复”，指修理已破旧或损坏的东西，使其恢复原有的良好状况。此外，repair还可引申为“纠正，弥补，治愈”。
mend
意为“修理，修补”，是普通用语，仅指修补磨损的、破裂的、撕毁的小东西，很少用于大件物品。该词可引申为“改善，弥补，恢复健康”。
fix
意为“修理，修复”，和repair同义，两者经常换用，fix常用于美国英语中，口语色彩较浓。
remedy
意为“补救，弥补”，指对已经出现的过失及不满意的现状采取弥补措施，加以补救。
He doesn’t know how to repair the error.他不知道怎样弥补这个过失。
It’s never too late to mend.改过不嫌迟。
He tried to fix the leaking tap.他试图修漏水的水龙头。
Your faults of pronunciation can be remedied.你的发音毛病是可以矫正的。
adequate, enough, sufficient
这组词均含有“足够”的意思。
adequate
强调符合一个客观要求或标准，这个要求或标准可能不太高或不太严格。
enough
侧重份量和数量的足够。是三个词中最普通的。
sufficient
一般用于正式书面语中，且只能放在所修饰的名词前。
如：
His income is not adequate to his family’s needs.他的收入满足不了家庭需求。
Do we have enough time for a drink?我们有没有足够的时间喝点什么?
The rain is not sufficient to do any harm.这场雨不足为害。 
全真模拟试题
1. Very few scientists ____ completely new answers to the world’s problems.
A. come up with B come out
C. come round D. come up to
2. We are writing to the manager ____ the repairs recently carried out at the above address.
A. with the exception of 
B. with the purpose of 
C. with reference to 
D. with a view to
3. Many of the scientists and engineers are judged ____how great their achievements are.
A. in spite of B. in ways ofC. in favor ofD. in terms of
4. All individuals are required to ____ to the laws made by their governments.
A. obeyB. conformC. concedeD. observe
5. The United States is trying to ____ the serious problems created by the energy crisis.
A. put up with B. submit to
C. comply withD. cope with
6. The joys of travel, having long ____ the disabled, are opening up to virtually anyone who has the means.
A. omittedB. missedC. neglectedD. discarded
7. Most people who travel in the course of their work are given travelling ____.
A. incomeB. allowancesC. wagesD. pay
8. Some people ____ avoid questions of right and wrong or remain neutral about them.
A. violently B. enthusiastically
C. sincerelyD. deliberately
9. I was always taught that it was____to interrupt.
A. rudeB. coarseC. roughD. crude
10. It is a common theme in many science fiction stories that the world may one day be ____ by insects.
A. broken inB. run overC. taken overD. filled in
11. His intelligence and experience will enable him to ____the complicated situation.
A. cope with B. settle down
C. intervene in D. interfere with
12. I am sure I can ____ him into letting us stay in the hotel for the night.
A. speakB. sayC. talkD. tell
13. There is no easy solution to Japan’s labor ____.
A. declineB. vacancyC. rarityD. shortage
14. Just as a book is often judged ____ by the quality and appearance of its cover, a person is judged immediately by his appearance.
A. previouslyB. uniquelyC. outwardlyD. initially
15. Frankly speaking, your article is very goodexcept for some ____ mistakes in grammar.
A. trivialB. obscureC. rareD. glaring
16. Advanced computer technology has ____ an answer to accurate weather forecasting.
A. set upB. come up with 
C. filled in D. faced up to
17. Both parties promised to ____ the contract to besigned the following day.
A. keep withB. tangle withC. adhere toD. devote to
18. The fire has caused great losses, but the factory tried to ____the consequences by saying that the damage was not as serious as reported.
A. decreaseB. subtractC. minimizeD. degrade
19. Every society has its own peculiar customs and____of acting.
A. waysB. behaviorC. attitudesD. means
20. All the parts of these washing machines are ____, so that it is very convenient to replace them.
A. normalizedB. modernized 
C. mechanizedD. standardized
21. There was once an ____ idea that the earth was flat and motionless.
A. eternalB. offensiveC. absurdD. intrinsic
22. When they had finished playing, the children were made to ____all the toys they had taken out.
A. put offB. put outC. put upD. put away
23. A complete investigation into the cause of the accident should lead to improved standards and should ____ new operating procedures.
A. result in B. match with
C. subject to D. proceed with
24. The fuel of the continental missile is supposed to be ____by this device.
A. lightedB. inspiredC. firedD. ignited
25. Stop shouting! I can’t hear the football ____.
A. explanationB. interpretation 
C. judgement D. commentary
试题答案与解析
1. A)【句意】没有几位科学家能对世界性的问题提出全新的答案。
【难点】come up with意为“提出”；come out意为“结果是”；come round意为“来，前来”；come up to意为“达到，比得上”。
2. C)【句意】我们正给经理写信，内容是关于近期在上述地点进行修理的事。
【难点】with reference to意为“有关，关于”；with the exception of意为“除…之外”；with the purpose of意为“目的是”； with a view to意为“目的是，为了(后跟动名词)”。
3. D)【句意】人们往往从成就的大小来评价某些科学家和工程师。
【难点】in terms of意为“就…而言”；in spite of意为“尽管”；infavor of意为“赞成，支持”；in ways of无此搭配。
4. B)【句意】要求每个人都遵守政府制定的法律。
【难点】conform意为“遵守”，后接to；obey亦有“遵守”的意思，却无obey to的搭配；concede to sb.意为“向某人让步”；observe意为“遵守”时，为及物动词，不与to搭配。
5. D)【句意】美国正努力去应付由于能源危机而产生的严重问题。
【难点】cope with意为“应付”；put up with意为“忍受，容忍”； submit to意为“服从，屈从”；comply with意为“照…办”。
6. C)【句意】旅游业长期以来不重视残疾人，而现在只要有条件，几乎每个人都可以享受旅游的乐趣。
【难点】neglect意为“忽视”；omit意为“省略，忽略(正式用语)”；miss意为“免去，漏掉(非正式用语)；discard意为“丢弃，抛弃”。
7. B)【句意】大多数因公出差的人都发给差旅费。
【难点】allowances意为“差旅费”；income意为“收入”；wage意为“工资(常作复数，指按照合同，根据其劳动或所提供的服务，按小时，天数，每周或计量付给工资)”；pay“工资，薪金(泛指劳动所得的报酬)”。
8. D)【句意】有些人对待大是大非问题要么有意回避，要么保持中立。
【难点】deliberately意为“故意地”；violently意为“猛烈地”；enthusiastically意为“热情地”；sincerely意为“真诚地”。
9. A)【句意】过去人们总是这样教导我，插话是不礼貌的。
【难点】rude意为“无礼的，粗鲁的”。其余三个词都有“粗鲁的”之意，用于说明某人的举止或言谈，可互用。如果要说明做某事不礼貌，特别是在“It is+形容词+不定式”结构中，常用rude。
10. C)【句意】许多科学幻想故事都有一个常见的主题：地球有朝一日要被昆虫接管。
【难点】take over意为“接收，接管”;break in/into意为“强行进入”;run over意为“在…上驶过，辗过”;fill in意为“填空，填满”。
11. A)【句意】他的才智经验使他能够应付复杂局面。
【难点】cope with意为“应付”;settle down意为“安居，专心于”;intervene in意为“介入，干涉”;interfere with意为“干涉，妨碍”。
12. C)【句意】我肯定能说服他同意我们去旅馆过夜。
【难点】talk (sb into doing)意为“说服(某人做某事)”;speak意为“说话、谈话(着重说话的能力)”;say意为“讲，说(着重所说内容)。”;tell意为“告诉(着重提供情况)”。
13. D)【句意】很难解决日本劳动力短缺的问题。
【难点】shortage意为“短缺”;vacancy意为“空缺(指职位或位置空着)”;decline意为“下降,减少”;rarity意为“稀罕，稀有”。
14. C)【句意】就像凭外在质量和封面来判断一本书如何一样，对人的判断一看外表就知道了。
【难点】outwardly意为“从外表”;previously意为“以前”;uniquely意为“惟一地”;initially意为“最初”。
15. A)【句意】坦率地说，你的文章写得很好，只不过语法上有几处小错误。
【难点】trivial意为“琐碎的，微不足道的”;obscure意为“模糊的，不出名的”;rare意为“稀有的，难得的”;glaring意为“耀眼的，闪光的”。
16. B)【句意】先进的计算机技术为精确进行天气预报提供了方法。
【难点】come up with意为“想出”;set up意为“开办，创立”;fill in意为“填写(表格等)，填满”;face up to意为“勇敢面对”。

17. C)【句意】双方答应信守第二天将签署的合同。
【难点】adhere to意为“坚持”;keep with无此搭配;tangle with意为“与某人吵架，与某事有瓜葛”;devote to意为“献身于，为…奉献”。
18. C)【句意】这场大火造成了巨大损失，但厂方却说，损失没有报道得那么严重，竭力低估大火造成的后果。
【难点】minimize意为“缩小，减少”;decrease意为“减少，(有“逐渐减少”的意思，可指数量、质量、尺寸、强度或重要性等方面的减少或减小)”;subtract意为“减去”;degrade意为“(地位身份等)下降，堕落”。
19. A)【句意】每个社会都有其独特的风俗习惯和行为方式。
【难点】way意为“方式，方法”;behaviour意为“举止，行为”;attitude意为“态度，看法”;means意为“方法(该词义侧重于“具体的手段或办法”)。”
20. D)【句意】这些洗衣机的零件全部实行了统一标准，这样更换起来非常便利。
【难点】standardize意为“使标准化”;normalize意为“使正常化”;modernize意为“使现代化”;mechanize意为“使机械化”。
21. C)【句意】以前曾有种荒谬的看法，认为地球是平的，而且是静止不动的。
【难点】absurd意为“荒唐的”；eternal意为“永恒的，永久的”；offensive意为“冒犯的，无礼的”；intrinsic意为“固有的，内在的”。
22. D)【句意】小孩们玩过玩具后，便要他们把拿出来的玩具都收好。
【难点】put away意为“收藏好”；put off意为“推迟”；put out意为“熄灭；put up意为“建造”。
23. A)【句意】对事故原因进行全面调查可提高标准，并引入新的操作程序。
【难点】result in意为“导致”；match with意为“与…相配”；subject to意为“征服，经历或遭受”；proceed with意为“开始或继续”。
24. D)【句意】洲际导弹的燃料想必是由这个装置点燃的。
【难点】ignite意为“点火”，指用机械装置点火；light意为“点燃(一般用语，常指为一定目的使…燃烧或点着某物)”；inspire意为“吸入，鼓舞”；fire意为“点燃，着火”。
25. D)【句意】别大声嚷嚷了!足球赛的解说我都听不见了。
【难点】commentary意为“解说，评论”，尤用于体育比赛；explanation意为“解释”；interpretation意为“解释，翻译(解释时，对象多为梦，诗歌或抽象艺术等。解释人需要有专业知识和丰富的想象力)”。judgement意为“判断(力)”。









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