[专四]专业四级考试词汇语法详细解答40套三十二.

专业四级考试词汇语法详细解答40套三十二


Test ThirtyTwo
近义词辨析
refuse, reject, decline, deny, repel
这组词均含有“打破”或“挤碎”的意思。
refuse
是表示“拒绝”这一概念的最普通的用词，语气比decline强，含有非常坚决地、不客气地拒绝的意味。refuse作及物动词时，后面常常接名词或代词表示被拒绝的对象，跟不定式表示拒绝做某事。作不及物动词时，refuse可单独使用。
reject
意为“拒不接受，不采纳”，语气比refuse更强，强调抛弃、丢弃，有时可翻译为“抵制，驳回”。
该词还常常表示由于客观条件不符合规定的标准而遭到拒绝。reject后通常只接名词或代词。decline
常常翻译为“辞谢，婉言谢绝”，指有礼貌地、语气委婉地拒绝，主要用于拒绝有关社交活动的邀请或请求等。
deny
常常作“否认，否定”讲，其后可接名词、代词、动名词或that从句。另外，deny也可作“拒绝给予”讲，这时多接双宾语，即用在deny sb. sth.结构中，并且可以与refuse互换，不过语气要比refuse更坚决。
repel
指“拒绝接受”，甚至含“抵制”的意思，语气比reject强。
It is the stupid who refuse to be taught by mistake.只有蠢人才拒绝从错误中吸取教训。
The patient’s body rejected the heart transplant.病人的身体对心脏移植有排斥反应。
She declined to have lunch with us, saying that she wasn’t feeling well.她说身体不适而婉言谢绝与我们共进午餐。
He doesn’t dare to deny the charges, does he?他不敢否认这些指控。
Fire repels wild animals.火使野兽不敢靠近。 
全真模拟试题
1. He kept asking questions, but not a word ____.
A. could we understandB. we could understand
C. we understand couldD. understand could we
2. Milk is sold ____ bottle nearly everywhere in China.
A. by theB. with aC. in aD. in the
3. I ____ to go to London today, but when the fortune teller warned me not to travel, I postponed the trip.
A. had intended B. was intending
C. would intendD. was intended
4. He has no alternative but ____ and ask his brother for assistance.
A. to goB. goC. goingD. will go
5. Even when stranded in an isolated village by snow, ____.
A. it seemed my journey was still exciting
B. my journey still seemed exciting
C. I still thought my journey exciting
D. my journey was still thought to be exciting
6. “Let’s go, Tom. It’s time we ____”“All right, Mary. I’ll finish itin a few seconds.”A. play baseballB. played baseball
C. will play baseballD. are playing baseball
7. After a while, he left Newton’s to start ____ his own as an illustrator.
A. forB. withC. asD. on
8. No sooner ____ than the parrot flew out and settled in the same tree as the cat.
A. had Mary opened the cage
B. Mary opened the cagethat
C. did Mary open the cage
D. Mary opened the cage when
9. ____, you would have seen my nephew， a very outs tanding and promising boy.
A.Had you arrived earlierB. I you arrived earlier
C. Did you arrive earlierD. Unless you had arrived earlier
10. ____ told by the doctor to stop smoking, Mr. Smith carried neither matches nor cigarettes.
A. Had beenB. Have been C. Having been D. Has been
11. When you take medicine, be careful not to ____ that amount printed on the bottle.
A. exceedB. substituteC. exertD. surpass
12. The football match was televised ____ from the worker’s stadium.
A. aliveB. alikeC. livelyD. live
13. Use your library to learn which animals ____ the desert.
A. liveB. occupyC. inhabitD. settle
14. The important statement was soon ____ all over the world by radio.
A. broughtB. carriedC. takenD. transformed
15. Our nextdoor neighbors have ____us to have the same kind of carpeting as they have.
A. persuadedB. insistedC. convincedD. suggested
16. Although it was ____ jewellery, it looked real enough.
A. untrueB. imitationC. inventedD. false
17. The plate glass must be capable of ____ very high temperature.
A. sustainingB. retainingC. obtainingD. maintaining
18. The upset woman gave an ____ of the killer’s second attack.
A. illustrationB. accountC. analysisD. explanation
19. Dr. Jones checked the patient’s ____ carefully before making his treatment.
A. symbolsB. symptomsC. signsD. conditions
20. In order to buy the house she had to obtain a ____ from the bank.
A. depositB. capitalC. debtD. loan
21. The company is looking for a new ____ for another branch office.
A. positionB. postC. pointD. site
22. The old family ____ in China has undergone some change since liberation.
A. patternB. shapeC. formD. institution
23. “I have to go to see my doctor this afternoon.”
“Would you like me to ____ with you?”
A. sendB. escortC. accompanyD. campaign
24. Knowing that more teachers will come to visit her class ____ her on.
A. spurredB. promotedC. thrilledD. excited
25. The Olympic Games winners received a gold medal as a(n) ____.
A. rewardB. praiseC. awardD. gift
试题答案与解析
1． A)【句意】他不断地问问题，可我们一个字也听不懂。
【难点】not, never, hardly, by no means 等否定词位于句首时可引导倒装。
2． A)【句意】在中国差不多所有地方，牛奶都按瓶出售。
【难点】sell by the bottle , pay by the hour, die by the hundred 等短语属习惯性搭配。
3． A)【句意】我原打算今天去伦敦，可是算命先生警告我不要外出，我就推迟了这次旅程。
【难点】表示“本打算，本希望”这一概念时，一般用had intended 或had hoped，后面接动词不定式。
4． A)【句意】他别无选择，只好请他弟弟帮忙。
【难点】have no alternative(choice) but to do 是个习惯搭配，意为“别无选择，只好…”。

5． C)【句意】即使被大雪困在一个孤村里，我还是认为我的旅程很刺激。
【难点】when 引导的状语从句省略了 I was 。主句和分句的主语要做到语法一致，所以选C)。
6 B)【句意】“我们走吧，汤姆，到了该打垒球的时候了。”“好的，玛丽，我马上就完。”
【难点】It’s time +从句，这一结构，要求从句中使用一般过去时的虚拟语气。
7． D)【句意】过了一段时间，他离开牛顿家，独自一人去作插图画家。
【难点】on one’s own 是习惯搭配，意为“独自一人”。
8． A)【句意】玛丽一打开鸟笼，鹦鹉就飞了出来，并落在猫所在的那棵树上。
【难点】no sooner 引导倒装，主句应使用过去完成时，后接than。
9． A)【句意】你要是早到点，就看见我外甥了——一个杰出的、前途无量的小伙子。
【难点】Had you arrived earlier 是if you had arrived earlier的倒装形式,是与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。
10． C)【句意】医生告诉他别再吸烟后，史密斯先生既不带火柴也不带香烟。
【难点】用现在分词完成式的被动语态，表示动作发生在过去，主句动作之前。
11． A)【句意】吃药的时候，小心不要超过药瓶上规定的药量。
【难点】exceed意为“超过（限度），超越”；substitute意为“代替，代用”；exert意为“发挥，运用”，后接on; surpass 意为“优于，胜过，超过”。
12． D)【句意】足球赛从工人体育场作现场电视直播。
【难点】live是形容词，意为“(广播，电视)实况的”；alive 意为“活的，有活力的”，作表语；alike意为“相似的，相同的”，亦只作表语；lively 意为“活泼的，活跃的”。
13． C)【句意】到图书馆去查哪些动物居住于沙漠。
【难点】inhabit 意为“居住于”，是及物动词；live是“居住”，是一个不及物动词；occupy 意为“占领，占据”；settle 意为“定居，安顿”，是不及物动词。
14． B)【句意】这个重要宣言很快传遍了全世界。
【难点】carry 意为“携带，传达，广播”；bring 意为“带来，拿来”；take 意为“拿走”；transform 意为“改变(外观等)”。
15． A)【句意】我的隔壁邻居劝我们铺他们家那样的地毯。
【难点】persuade 意为“劝说，劝服”，常用于persuade sb to do 结构中；insist意为“主张，坚持”，常于on连用，后接动名词；convince 意为“使信服”；suggest 意为“提议，建议”。

16． B)【句意】虽然这是人造宝石，但看上去足够逼真。
【难点】imitation jewellery 意为“人造宝石”，其它词与jewellery 搭配不恰当。untrue意为“非真实的”；invented 意为“发明的”；false 意为“假的”。
17． A)【句意】厚玻璃板一定能承受很高的温度。
【难点】sustain 意为“支撑，支持，承受”；retain 意为“保存，保持”；obtain意为“获得，达到”；maintain 意为“维修，保养”。
18． B)【句意】受惊的妇女描述了杀手的第二次进攻。
【难点】account意为“描写，描述”；illustration意为“插图，说明”；analysis 意为“分析”； explanation意为“解释”。
19． B)【句意】琼斯大夫检查了病人的症状后才作治疗。
【难点】symptom 意为“症候，征状”；symbol 意为“象征，符号”；sign意为“记号，标志，迹象”；condition 意为“状态，条件”。
20． D)【句意】为了买房子，她不得不从银行贷款。
【难点】loan 意为“贷款”；deposit 意为“存款，押金”；capital 意为“资本，资金”；debt 意为“债务”。
21． D)【句意】公司正为另一家分公司找新地点。
【难点】site 意为“地点，用地”；position 意为“位置，地位”；post 意为“职位，工作岗位”；point 意为“尖端，点，度”。
22． A)【句意】中国旧的家庭模式从解放以来已经历一些变化。
【难点】pattern 意为“样式，模式”；shape意为“状态，形态”；form 意为“形式，格式”；institution 意为“习俗，制度”。
23． C)【句意】“我今天下午得去看医生。”“你想叫我陪你去吗?”
【难点】accompany 意为“伴随，同行”；send意为“送，派”；escort 意为“护卫，护送”；campaign 意为“从事竞选活动”。
24． A)【句意】知道有更多的老师要来听她的课，她很受鼓舞。
【难点】spur 意为“鼓舞，刺激”，常与on 连用，promote 意为“促进，促销；晋级”；thrill意为“使人心情激动，使人热血沸腾”；excite意为“兴奋，刺激”。后三个词都不与on连用。
25． C)【句意】奥运会冠军得主都获得金牌作为奖赏。
【难点】award意为“奖励，奖赏”； reward意为“报酬”；praise 意为“表扬，赞扬”；gift 意为“礼物，赠品”。